Method of Concurrently Patterning a Substrate Having a Plurality of Fields and a Plurality of Alignment Marks

ABSTRACT

A method of patterning a substrate comprising first and second fields with a template, the template having a mold and a plurality of alignment forming areas and a plurality of template alignment marks, the method comprising: positioning a material on the first field of the substrate and a plurality of regions of the substrate, the plurality of regions laying outside of the first and second fields; positioning the mold and the substrate such that a desired spatial relationship between the mold and the first field of the substrate is obtained to define a pattern in the material on the first field of the substrate while concurrently defining a plurality of substrate alignment marks with the material in the plurality of regions of the substrate in superimposition with the plurality of alignment forming areas of the template; positioning a material on the second field of the substrate; and positioning the mold and the substrate to obtain a desired spatial relationship between the plurality of template alignment marks and the plurality of substrate alignment marks such that a desired spatial relationship between the mold and the second field of the substrate is obtained to define a pattern in the material on the second field of the substrate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 60/788,806, filed on Apr. 3, 2006, entitled “Shape of Level 0 andLevel 1 Fields to Achieve In-Liquid Align,” which is incorporated hereinby reference.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Nano-fabrication involves the fabrication of very small structures,e.g., having features on the order of nanometers or smaller. One area inwhich nano-fabrication has had a sizeable impact is in the processing ofintegrated circuits. As the semiconductor processing industry continuesto strive for larger production yields while increasing the circuits perunit area formed on a substrate, nano-fabrication becomes increasinglyimportant. Nano-fabrication provides greater process control whileallowing increased reduction of the minimum feature dimension of thestructures formed. Other areas of development in which nano-fabricationhas been employed include biotechnology, optical technology, mechanicalsystems and the like.

An exemplary nano-fabrication technique is commonly referred to asimprint lithography. Exemplary imprint lithography processes aredescribed in detail in numerous publications, such as United Statespatent application publication 2004/0065976 filed as U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/264,960, entitled “Method and a Mold to ArrangeFeatures on a Substrate to Replicate Features having Minimal DimensionalVariability”; United States patent application publication 2004/0065252filed as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/264,926, entitled “Methodof Forming a Layer on a Substrate to Facilitate Fabrication of MetrologyStandards”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,936,194, entitled “Functional PatterningMaterial for Imprint Lithography Processes,” all of which are assignedto the assignee of the present invention.

The imprint lithography technique disclosed in each of theaforementioned United States patent application publications and UnitedStates patent includes formation of a relief pattern in a polymerizablelayer and transferring a pattern corresponding to the relief patterninto an underlying substrate. The substrate may be positioned upon astage to obtain a desired position to facilitate patterning thereof. Tothat end, a mold is employed spaced-apart from the substrate with aformable liquid present between the mold and the substrate. The liquidis solidified to form a patterned layer that has a pattern recordedtherein that is conforming to a shape of the surface of the mold incontact with the liquid. The mold is then separated from the patternedlayer such that the mold and the substrate are spaced-apart. Thesubstrate and the patterned layer are then subjected to processes totransfer, into the substrate, a relief image that corresponds to thepattern in the patterned layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified side view of a lithographic system having atemplate spaced-apart from a substrate;

FIG. 2 is a simplified side view of the substrate shown in FIG. 1,having a patterned layer positioned thereon;

FIG. 3 is a top down view of the template shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of forming the template shown in FIG.1;

FIG. 5 is a top down view of a master template formed from e-beamlithography, the master template employed to form template shown in FIG.1;

FIG. 6 is a top down view of an intermediate substrate formed from themaster template shown in FIG. 1; the intermediate substrate having afirst field formed and a plurality of substrate alignment marks;

FIG. 7 is a top down view of the substrate alignment marks shown in FIG.6;

FIG. 8 is a top down view of the master template, shown in FIG. 1, insuperimposition with a portion of the intermediate substrate, shown inFIG. 6, with a mesa of the master template being in superimposition witha second field of the intermediate substrate;

FIG. 9 is a top down view of the master template, shown in FIG. 1, insuperimposition with a portion of the intermediate substrate, shown inFIG. 6, with a mesa of the master template being in superimposition witha third field of the intermediate substrate;

FIG. 10 is a top down view of the master template, shown in FIG. 1, insuperimposition with a portion of the intermediate substrate, shown inFIG. 6, with a mesa of the master template being in superimposition witha fourth field of the intermediate substrate;

FIG. 11 is a top down view of the intermediate substrate, shown in FIG.6, with a plurality of alignment marks being formed thereon prior topatterning the intermediate substrate; and

FIG. 12 is a top down view of the master template, the master templatehaving 9 fields associated therewith.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a system 10 to form a relief pattern on a substrate12 is shown. Substrate 12 may be coupled to a substrate chuck 14.Substrate chuck 14 may be any chuck including, but not limited to,vacuum, pin-type, groove-type, or electromagnetic, as described in U.S.Pat. No. 6,873,087 entitled “High-Precision Orientation Alignment andGap Control Stages for Imprint Lithography Processes,” which isincorporated herein by reference. In a further embodiment, substratechuck 14 may be a chuck as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,982,783 entitled“Chucking System for Modulating Shapes of Substrates” and U.S. Pat. No.6,980,282 entitled “Method for Modulating Shapes of Substrates”, both ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference. Substrate 12 and substratechuck 14 may be supported upon a stage 16. Further, stage 16, substrate12, and substrate chuck 14 may be positioned on a base (not shown).Stage 16 may provide motion about the x and y axes.

Spaced-apart from substrate 12 is a template 18 having a mold 20extending therefrom towards substrate 20 with a patterning surface 22thereon. Further, mesa 20 may be referred to as a mold 20. Mesa 20 mayalso be referred to as a nanoimprint mold 20. In a further embodiment,template 18 may be substantially absent of mold 20. Template 18 and/ormold 20 may be formed from such materials including but not limited to,fused-silica, quartz, silicon, organic polymers, siloxane polymers,borosilicate glass, fluorocarbon polymers, metal, and hardened sapphire.As shown, patterning surface 22 comprises features defined by aplurality of spaced-apart recesses 24 and protrusions 26. However, in afurther embodiment, patterning surface 22 may be substantially smoothand/or planar. Patterning surface 20 may define an original pattern thatforms the basis of a pattern to be formed on substrate 12.

Template 18 may be coupled to a template chuck 28, template chuck 28being any chuck including, but not limited to, vacuum, pin-type,groove-type, or electromagnetic, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,873,087entitled “High-Precision Orientation Alignment and Gap Control Stagesfor Imprint Lithography Processes”. In a further embodiment, substratechuck 14 may be a chuck as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,982,783 entitled“Chucking System for Modulating Shapes of Substrates” and U.S. Pat. No.6,980,282 entitled “Method for Modulating Shapes of Substrates”.Template chuck 28 may be coupled to an imprint head 30 to facilitatemovement of template 18 and mold 20.

System 10 further comprises a fluid dispense system 32. Fluid dispensesystem 32 may be in fluid communication with substrate 12 so as todeposit a polymeric material 34 thereon. System 10 may comprise anynumber of fluid dispensers and fluid dispense system 32 may comprise aplurality of dispensing units therein. Polymeric material 34 may bepositioned upon substrate 12 using any known technique, e.g., dropdispense, spin-coating, dip coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD),physical vapor deposition (PVD), thin film deposition, thick filmdeposition, and the like. As shown, polymeric material 34 may bedeposited upon substrate 12 as a plurality of spaced-apart droplets 36.Typically, polymeric material 34 is disposed upon substrate 12 beforethe desired volume is defined between mold 20 and substrate 12. However,polymeric material 34 may fill the volume after the desired volume hasbeen obtained.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, system 10 further comprises a source 38 ofenergy 40 coupled to direct energy 40 along a path 42. Imprint head 30and stage 16 are configured to arrange mold 20 and substrate 12,respectively, to be in superimposition and disposed in path 42. Eitherimprint head 30, stage 16, or both vary a distance between mold 20 andsubstrate 12 to define a desired volume therebetween such that mold 20contacts polymeric material 34 and the desired volume is filled bypolymeric material 34. More specifically, polymeric material 34 ofdroplets 36 may ingress and fill recesses 24 of mold 20. After thedesired volume is filled with polymeric material 34, source 38 producesenergy 40, e.g., broadband ultraviolet radiation that causes polymericmaterial 34 to solidify and/or cross-link conforming to the shape of asurface 44 of substrate 12 and patterning surface 22, defining apatterned layer 46 on substrate 12. Patterned layer 46 may comprise aresidual layer 48 and a plurality of features shown as protrusions 50and recessions 52.

System 10 may further comprise an actuation system 58 surroundingtemplate 18/mold 20 to facilitate alignment and overlay registrationbetween mold 20 and substrate 12. Actuation system 58 facilitatesalignment and overlay registration by selectively deforming template18/mold 20. This facilitates correcting various parameters of thepattern shape, i.e., magnification characteristics, skew/orthogonalitycharacteristics, and trapezoidal characteristics. An example of anactuation system 58 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,150,622 entitled“Systems for Magnification and Distortion Correction for ImprintLithography Processes”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,170,589 entitled “Apparatus toVary Dimensions of a Substrate During Nano-Scale Manufacturing”; andU.S. Pat. No. 6,916,585 entitled “Method of Varying Template Dimensionsto Achieve Alignment During Imprint Lithography”; all of which areincorporated by reference herein.

System 10 may be regulated by a processor 54 that is in datacommunication with stage 16, imprint head 30, fluid dispense system 32,source 38, and actuation system 58 operating on a computer readableprogram stored in memory 56.

Referring to FIG. 3, a top down view of template 18 is shown. Morespecifically, mold 20 of template 18 is shown comprising a plurality ofdies 60, shown as dies 60 a-60 d. However, in a further embodiment, mold20 may comprise any number of dies, i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, or 9 dies.Furthermore, each of dies 60 a-60 d may have substantially the samerelief structure 61 formed therein. To that end, formation of dies 60 ofmold 20 may be formed employing e-beam lithography. However, employinge-beam lithography may result in, inter alia, increased formation timeof template 18, which may be undesirable. To that end, a method ofminimizing formation time of dies 60 of mold 20 is described below.

Referring to FIGS. 3-5, in a first embodiment, a method of forming dies60 of mold 20 is shown. More specifically at step 100, a master template62 may be formed employing e-beam lithography. Master template 62comprises a plurality of sections 64, shown as sections 64 a-64 d.However, in a further embodiment, master template 62 may comprise anynumber of sections 64, i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, or 9 sections. Each section ofsections 64 may be separated from an adjacent section of sections 64 bya street 66. Further, each of sections 64 may be separated from aperimeter 68 of master template 62 by a street 70.

A section of sections 64 may comprises a mesa 72 having a relief pattern74 defined therein. As shown, mesa 72 may be positioned in section 64 a,however, in a further embodiment, mesa 72 may be positioned in anysection of sections 64. Mesa 72 comprises sides 76 a, 76 b, 76 c, and 76d, with side 76 a being positioned opposite to side 76 c and side 76 bbeing positioned opposite to side 76 d. In an example, master template62 may have a thickness of equal to or greater than 4 mm.

Master template 62 may further comprise a plurality of alignment formingareas 78 and template alignment marks 80. Alignment forming areas 78 andtemplate alignment marks 80 may be positioned within streets 66 and 70.In a further embodiment, alignment forming areas 78 and templatealignment marks 80 may be positioned on a plurality of mesas. In still afurther embodiment, alignment forming areas 78 may comprise checkerboardforming alignment marks and template alignment marks 80 may comprisegrating alignment marks. In still a further embodiment, templatealignment marks 80 may be substantially planar.

Positioned adjacent mesa 72 are a first subset of alignment formingareas 78 and template alignment marks 80 defining a first pattern 82 a.As shown, positioned proximate each of sides 76 a, 76 b, 76 c, and 76 dare two alignment forming areas 78 and two template alignment marks 80.However, in a further embodiment, any number of alignment forming areas78 and template alignment marks 80 may be positioned proximate sides 76a, 76 b, 76 c, and 76 d.

Master template 62 may further comprise alignment forming areas 78 andtemplate alignment marks 80 positioned in streets 66 and 70 proximate tothe remaining sections 64 of master template 62. More specifically, asecond, third, and fourth subsets of alignment forming areas 78 andtemplate alignment marks 80 may be positioned in streets 66 and 70proximate to sections 64 b, 64 c, and 64 d, respectively, defining asecond pattern 82 b, a third pattern 82 c, and a fourth pattern 82 d,respectively. The first pattern 82 a may be substantially the same asthe third pattern 82 c and the second pattern 82 b may be substantiallythe same as the fourth pattern 82 d. Further, the first and thirdpatterns 82 a and 82 c may be differ from the second and fourth patterns82 b and 82 d.

Referring to FIGS. 4-6, at step 102, polymeric material 34 may bepositioned on a intermediate substrate 84 by drop dispense,spin-coating, dip coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physicalvapor deposition (PVD), thin film deposition, thick film deposition, andthe like. More specifically, intermediate substrate 84 may comprise aplurality of fields 86, shown as fields 86 a-86 d. However, in a furtherembodiment, intermediate substrate 84 may comprises any number of fields86, i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8, or 9 fields. In the present example, the number offields 86 of intermediate substrate 84 may be substantially the same asthe number of sections 64 of mater template 62. To that end, polymericmaterial 34 may be positioned on field 86 a. Furthermore, polymericmaterial 34 may be positioned on a plurality of regions 88, with regionslaying 88 outside of fields 86 a-86 d. In an example, intermediatesubstrate 84 may have a thickness of in a range of 0.05 mm to 3 mm.

At step 104, a desired spatial relationship may be obtained betweenmaster template 62 and intermediate substrate 84, and more specifically,between field 86 a and mesa 72. Further at step 104, polymeric material34 of field 86 a may fill the desired volume between field 86 a ofintermediate substrate 84 and mesa 72 of master template 62 andpolymeric material 34 of regions 88 may fill the desired volume betweenregions 88 of substrate and alignment forming areas 78 of mastertemplate 62.

At step 106, polymeric material 34 positioned on field 86 a and regions88 of intermediate substrate 84 may be solidified and/or cross-linkedand mesa 72 of master template 62 may be separated from polymericmaterial 34 positioned on field 86 a, defining a patterned layer 90 a,and may be separated from polymeric material 34 positioned on regions88, defining substrate alignment marks 92. As a result of intermediatesubstrate 84 having a thickness substantially less than a thickness ofmaster template 62, a separation force may be minimized, which may bedesirable.

Referring to FIG. 7, in a further embodiment, each of substratealignment marks 92 may further comprise image placement metrology marks94. Image placement metrology marks 94 may be measured known imageplacement or image registration systems, e.g., LMS IPRO available fromLeica Microsystems of Bannockburn, Ill.

Referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 8, at step 108, polymeric material 34 maybe positioned on field 86 b in any of the methods mentioned above withrespect to FIG. 6 and step 102.

At step 110, a desired spatial relationship may be obtained betweentemplate alignment marks 80 of master template 62 and substratealignment marks 92 of intermediate substrate 84 such that a desiredspatial relationship between master template 62 and intermediatesubstrate 84 may be obtained, and more specifically, in the presentexample, between field 86 b and mesa 72. A desired spatial relationshipbetween template alignment marks 80 and substrate alignment marks 92 mayinclude template alignment marks 80 and substrate alignment marks 92being in superimposition; however, in a further embodiment, templatealignment marks 80 and substrate alignment marks 92 may be offset in thex-y plane a desired amount to compensate for variations among the first,second, third, and fourth patterns 82 a, 82 b, 82 c, and 82 d ofalignment forming areas 78 and template alignment marks 80.

Alignment between template alignment marks 80 and substrate alignmentmarks 92 may be determined employing an alignment system as described inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/000,331 entitled “InterferometricAnalysis for the Manufacture of Nano-Scale Devices,” which isincorporated herein by reference. Further at step 110, polymericmaterial 34 of field 86 b may fill the desired volume between field 86 bof intermediate substrate 84 and mesa 72 of master template 62.

At step 112, polymeric material 34 positioned on field 86 b ofintermediate substrate 84 may be solidified and/or cross-linked and mesa72 of master template 62 may be separated from polymeric material 34positioned on intermediate substrate 84, defining a patterned layer 90 bon field 86 b.

Referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 9, at step 114, polymeric material 34 maybe positioned on field 86 c in any of the methods mentioned above withrespect to FIG. 6 and step 102.

At step 116, a desired spatial relationship may be obtained betweentemplate alignment marks 80 of master template 62 and substratealignment marks 92 of intermediate substrate 84 such that a desiredspatial relationship between master template 62 and intermediatesubstrate 84 may be obtained, and more specifically, in the presentexample, between field 86 c and mesa 72. To that end, to obtain adesired spatial relationship between template alignment marks 80 ofmaster template 62 and substrate alignment marks 92, master template 62may be rotated about the z-axis, and more specifically, rotated 180°with respect to intermediate substrate 84. As a result, a desiredspatial relationship may be obtained between template alignment marks 80and substrate alignment marks 92. Further at step 116, polymericmaterial 34 of field 86 c may fill the desired volume between field 86 cof intermediate substrate 84 and mesa 72 of master template 62. In afurther embodiment, master template 62 may be rotated prior topositioning polymeric material 34 on fields 86 c of intermediatesubstrate 84.

At step 118, polymeric material 34 positioned on field 86 c ofintermediate substrate 84 may be solidified and/or cross-linked and mesa72 of master template 62 may be separated from polymeric material 34positioned on field 86 a, defining a patterned layer 90 c.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, at step 120, steps 108, 110, and 112 may berepeated for field 86 d of intermediate substrate 84, defining patternedlayer 90 d on field 86 d. In a further embodiment, steps 108, 110, and112 may be repeated for any number of fields 86 of intermediatesubstrate 84.

Referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 10, after forming patterned layers 90 a, 90b, 90 c, and 90 d on fields 86 a, 86 b, 86 c, and 86 d, respectively,intermediate substrate 84 may be employed to form a pattern in a finalsubstrate 96. More specifically, at step 122, polymeric material 34 maybe positioned on final substrate 96 employing any of the methodsmentioned above with respect to step 102 and FIG. 6. Final substrate 96may comprise a plurality of fields 98, shown as fields 98 a-98 d.However, in a further embodiment, final substrate 96 may comprises anynumber of fields 98, i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8, or 9 fields. In the presentembodiment, the number of fields 98 of final substrate 96 may besubstantially the same as the number of fields 86 of intermediatesubstrate 84. To that end, polymeric material 34 may be positioned onfields 98 of final substrate 96. In an example, final substrate 96 mayhave a thickness of equal to or greater than 4 mm.

At step 124, a desired spatial relationship may be obtained betweenintermediate substrate 84 and final substrate 96 such that polymericmaterial 34 on final substrate 96 may fill the desired volume betweenintermediate substrate 84 and final substrate 96.

At step 126, polymeric material 34 positioned on final substrate 96 maybe solidified and/or cross-linked and intermediate substrate 84 may beseparated from polymeric material 34 positioned on final substrate 96,defining a plurality of patterned layers 99 in each of fields 98, witheach of patterned layers 99 being substantially the same as dies 60 ofmold 20, and thus, final substrate 96 may be substantially the same astemplate 18.

Referring to FIGS. 4-6, in a second embodiment, it may be desired toform template 18 from master template 62 in a single patterning step. Tothat end, each of patterned layer 90 positioned on fields 86 ofintermediate substrate 84 may be substantially the same as dies 60 ofmold 20 and thus, intermediate substrate 84 may be substantially thesame as template 18. In the present example, master template 62 may havea thickness of approximately 2.29 mm and intermediate substrate 84 mayhave a thickness of 6.35 mm.

Referring to FIG. 11, in still a further embodiment, substrate alignmentmarks 92 may be formed on intermediate substrate 84 in a separate step.More specifically, substrate alignment marks 92 may be formed onintermediate substrate 84 prior to forming patterned layer 90 onintermediate substrate 84. To that end, substrate alignment marks 92 maybe formed employing a) an optical lithography tool with accurate globalinteferometry, such as a 913 nm scanner lithography tool available fromASML of the Netherlands or b) an optical lithography tool with excelinterferometry, such as the Nanoruler described athttp://www.sciencedaily.com/release/2004/02/040203233840.htm, which isincorporated herein by reference. As a result, alignment between fields86 of intermediate substrate 84 may be obtained, i.e., field to fieldalignment.

Referring to FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, to that end, as described above, mold 20may have four dies associated therewith. However, as mentioned above,mold 20 may have any number of dies associated therewith, and thus,master template 62, intermediate substrate 84, and final substrate 96may scale according. As shown in FIG. 12, master template 62 may havenine sections 64 associated therewith. To that end, each of sections 64of master template 62 may have a pattern of alignment forming areas 78and template alignment marks 80 proximate thereto, and morespecifically, each section of sections 64 may have a pattern ofalignment forming areas 78 and template alignment marks 80 differingfrom a pattern of alignment forming areas 78 and template alignmentmarks 80 of surrounding sections of sections 64. More specifically,sections 64 a, 64 c, 64 e, 64 g, and 64 i may have a fifth pattern ofalignment forming areas 78 and template alignment marks 80 proximatethereto and sections 64 b, 64 d, 64 f, and 64 h may have a sixth patternof alignment forming areas 78 and template alignment marks 80 proximatethereto, with the fifth pattern of alignment forming areas 78 andtemplate alignment marks 80 being substantially the same as the firstpattern mentioned above with respect to FIG. 5, and the sixth pattern ofalignment forming areas 78 and template alignment marks 80 beingsubstantially the same as the third pattern mentioned above with respectto FIG. 5. Further, each of sections 64 e, 64 g, and 64 i may bepatterned in the above-mentioned method analogous to patterning ofsection 64 c and each of sections 64 f and 64 h may be patterned in theabove-mentioned method analogous to patterning of sections 64 b and 64d.

Furthermore, it may be desired to minimize mechanical distortionspresent in template 18 formed in any of the methods mentioned above. Tothat end, master template 62, intermediate substrate 84, and finalsubstrate 96 may be substantially flat. More specifically, mastertemplate 62, intermediate substrate 84, and final substrate 96 may havea flatness better than 100 nm, preferably better than 50 nm, preferablybetter than 20 nm and further preferably better than 10 nm over thepatterning area. To further minimize the aforementioned mechanicaldistortions, inter alia, minimize image placement errors, intermediatesubstrate 84 may conform to master template 62. To that end, mastertemplate 62, intermediate substrate 84, and final substrate 96 may bepositioned upon a chuck analogous to substrate chuck 14 mentioned abovewith respect to FIG. 1. To that end, a shape of master template 62,intermediate substrate 84, and final substrate 96 may be determinedemploying an air gauge system (not shown) coupled with an XY stage (notshown); a laser distance sensor system (not shown) coupled with an XYstage (not shown); or a full field 3D profiler (not shown) as describedin http://www.zygo.com/?/products/meterology.htm, which is incorporatedby reference herein. Moreover, each of master template 62, intermediatesubstrate 84, and final substrate 96 may be formed from substantiallythe same material, with the material including but not limited to,fused-silica and ultra-low-expansion glass. Further, a difference intemperature between master template 62, intermediate substrate 84, andfinal substrate 96 may be less than 0.05° C., preferably less than 0.01°C., and further preferably less than 0.001° C.

To further minimize, if not prevent, errors present formed in any of themethods mentioned above, in the first embodiment mentioned above, mastertemplate 62 may have an actuation system coupled thereto analogous toactuation system 58 mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1. In thesecond embodiment mentioned above, final substrate 96 may have anactuation system coupled thereto analogous to actuation system 58mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1.

The above-mentioned methods may be analogously employed in formation ofphotomasks for photolithography. Photomasks are typically 4× (the reliefpattern of the photomask is 5 times the size of the desired features tobe formed on the substrate). Advanced photomask that may be employed inphotolithography with KrF (248 nm) laser and ArF (193 nm) laser mayfurther comprise sub-resolution features that are smaller than theprimary features. These sub-resolution may be also known as opticalproximity correction features or reticle enhanced features. Thesub-resolution features do not print; they are designed to enhance thequality of the primary features. As mentioned above, the primaryfeatures are 4×. For example, for a features of the seize of 50 nm onthe wafer, the primary photomask features is 200 nm. The sub-resolutionfeatures may be as small as 1× or smaller or as large as approaching 4×.Typically the small sub-resolution features are about 1.5×; for 50 nmwafer features, this translates to 75 nm on the photomask. The 4×photomasks are for example are of size 100 mm by 100 mm for a 25 mm by35 mm wafer field size; and 104 mm by 132 mm for a 26 mm by 33 mm waferfield size. These fields typically have 2, 4, 6, or more dies in themeach of which have substantially the same pattern requirements. Thus,the above-mentioned method may be analogously employed in formation ofphotomasks for photolithography.

The embodiments of the present invention described above are exemplary.Many changes and modifications may be made to the disclosure recitedabove, while remaining within the scope of the invention. Therefore, thescope of the invention should not be limited by the above description,but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claimsalong with their full scope of equivalents.

1. A method of patterning a substrate comprising first and second fieldswith a template, said template having a mold and a plurality ofalignment forming areas and a plurality of template alignment marks,said method comprising: positioning a material on said first field ofsaid substrate and a plurality of regions of said substrate, saidplurality of regions laying outside of said first and second fields;positioning said mold and said substrate such that a desired spatialrelationship between said mold and said first field of said substrate isobtained to define a pattern in said material on said first field ofsaid substrate while concurrently defining a plurality of substratealignment marks with said material in said plurality of regions of saidsubstrate in superimposition with said plurality of alignment formingareas of said template; positioning a material on said second field ofsaid substrate; and positioning said mold and said substrate to obtain adesired spatial relationship between said plurality of templatealignment marks and said plurality of substrate alignment marks suchthat a desired spatial relationship between said mold and said secondfield of said substrate is obtained to define a pattern in said materialon said second field of said substrate.
 2. The method as recited inclaim 1 wherein said template alignment marks comprise grating alignmentmarks and said substrate alignment marks comprise checkerboard alignmentmarks.
 3. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said plurality ofalignment forming areas of said template are positioned on a pluralityof mesas on said template.
 4. The method as recited in claim 3 whereinsaid template comprises a first surface and a second surface positionedopposite to said first surface, with said mold extending from saidsecond surface a first distance and a subset of said plurality of mesasextending from said second surface a second distance, with said firstdistance being substantially equal to said second distance.
 5. Themethod as recited in claim 1 wherein said plurality of templatealignment marks of said template are positioned on a plurality of mesason said template.
 6. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein saidtemplate comprises a first surface and a second surface positionedopposite to said first surface, with said mold extending from saidsecond surface a first distance and a subset of said plurality of mesasextending from said second surface a second distance, with said firstdistance being greater than said second distance.
 7. The method asrecited in claim 1 wherein said template further comprises a pluralityof non patterned mesas, wherein positioning said material furthercomprising positioning a material in areas of said substrate insuperimposition with said plurality of non-patterned mesas.
 8. Themethod as recited in claim 1 wherein said substrate has a thickness in arange of 0.05 mm to 8 mm.
 9. The method as recited in claim 1 whereinsaid substrate has a flatness less than 100 nm.
 10. The method asrecited in claim 1 wherein said substrate and said template comprisesubstantially the same composition, with said composition being selectedfrom a set of compositions consisting of fused silica andultra-low-expansion glass.
 11. The method as recited in claim 1 whereina difference in temperature between said substrate and said template isless than 2° C.
 12. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein obtainingsaid desired spatial relationship between said first region and saidmold further comprises positioning said mold and said substrate suchthat said mold is in superimposition with said first region of saidsubstrate.
 13. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein obtaining saiddesired spatial relationship between said second region and said moldfurther comprises positioning said mold and said substrate such thatsaid mold is in superimposition with said second region of saidsubstrate.
 14. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprisescoupling said template to a shape modulating chuck.
 15. The method asrecited in claim 1 further comprises coupling said substrate to a shapemodulating chuck.
 16. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprisesaltering a shape of said template via an actuation system coupledthereto.
 17. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprises alteringa shape of said substrate via an actuation system coupled thereto. 18.The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said substrate furthercomprises a plurality of fields.